Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update
A Nature-Based Intervention and Mental Health of Schoolchildren
A large Quebec trial found that two hours a week of outdoor classes for 12 weeks did not reduce overall mental health symptoms in 10–12-year-olds.
What's new
This cluster randomised trial tested the Open Sky School Program in French-language elementary schools in Quebec with green space within 1 km. It involved 33 schools, 53 teachers and 1015 students in grades 5 and 6. Intervention classes were taught outdoors in a nearby park or wooded area for 2 hours a week over 12 weeks, with teachers encouraged to include basic subjects and at least 10 mental health activities (mindfulness, philosophy and/or art therapy). Teacher- and student-reported mental health symptoms showed no difference in change between the intervention and control groups. Post hoc analyses found that baseline symptoms were low, and that children with higher symptoms at baseline showed slightly greater reductions in the intervention group.
Why it matters in Aotearoa
Wellbeing is often given as a reason for regular outdoor learning. This trial suggests that short, weekly outdoor classes may not shift mental health symptoms across a whole class, though children with higher symptoms may benefit. Schools should be measured in the wellbeing claims they make for EOTC.
Putting it into practice
When planning a regular outdoor class programme, set clear learning goals and avoid promising whole-class mental health gains. Watch for benefits among students who are already struggling.
How strong is the evidence
This is a strong design: a large, registered, cluster randomised trial with intent-to-treat analysis. Limits are the short 12-week period, low baseline symptoms across the sample, and subgroup findings that came from post hoc analysis.
What to read
The full article, especially the post hoc analyses of children with higher baseline symptoms and the description of the intervention.