What's new

The study examined cultural risk in led outdoor activity programmes using Hofstede's dimensions and social identity factors such as ability, gender, ethnicity and social class. The authors adapted the NET-HARMS risk assessment method and applied it to a mock scenario to examine cultural perceptions in programme design, planning and delivery. The analysis achieved acceptable validity and identified significantly more risks when culture was considered. The authors argue that a Western paradigm can misalign with participants' and local cultural norms.

Why it matters in Aotearoa

The paper places its findings within the Mangatepopo Canyon tragedy and safety science. That makes it directly relevant to safety management in Aotearoa, where EOTC serves culturally diverse students and operates within te ao Māori contexts.

Putting it into practice

When completing risk assessments, providers and EOTC coordinators can add a step that asks how participants' cultural norms and identities, such as ethnicity, gender or ability, might affect communication, decision-making and safety.

How strong is the evidence

This is a methodological study based on a mock scenario. It shows that risk identification increases but does not test whether outcomes in real programmes improve.

What to read

The adapted NET-HARMS method and the discussion of the Mangatepopo Canyon tragedy.

Who it's for