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Seven expert leaders from four countries were interviewed about memorable decisions made on educational journeys on land, sea and ice. The study found four stages of planning: long-term preparation, formal leadership meetings, day-by-day planning on route, and thinking immediately before the event. Leaders put their planned goals and actions into effect by making and remaking small 'micro-plans', and they adjusted their plans as opportunities came up. The authors conclude that planning was the foundation for the decisions these leaders made.

Why it matters in Aotearoa

EOTC leaders in Aotearoa make fast judgements in changeable conditions. This study suggests that experts' decisions in the field rest on planning done before and during a trip, which supports giving leaders time for preparation and leadership meetings.

Putting it into practice

Use the four planning stages as a checklist for multi-day trips, and set aside time for a formal leadership meeting before departure and a short planning check each day on route.

How strong is the evidence

This is a small qualitative interview study of seven experienced leaders. It explains how experts think, but its findings may not carry over to less experienced staff or to school day trips.

What to read

The full article, especially the description of the four planning stages and the micro-plans.

Who it's for