Research

Research

Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Developing emotional intelligence through affective outdoor learning

Boyes, M., McNatty, S., Parker, S.Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning23 June 2026

In New Zealand rock climbing and kayaking, students developed emotional intelligence through peer and adult support. Teachers and instructors played a key role in building a supportive culture.

What's new

This study explored how outdoor education students in New Zealand develop emotional intelligence through emotional support and social empathy. Researchers used interviews, observations and video with staff and students from one primary and two secondary schools during rock climbing and kayaking. They documented field-based chances to recognise, express and manage emotions through verbal and non-verbal interaction. These led to self-development including happiness, resilience, overcoming fear and interpersonal skills. Happy, cohesive groups built emotional openness, trust and strong friendships.

Why it matters in Aotearoa

The study offers New Zealand evidence that outdoor education can build emotional and social skills. It highlights the role of teachers and instructors in setting a supportive learning culture.

Putting it into practice

Before adventurous activities, teachers and instructors can deliberately model and coach peer encouragement, and make time to talk about fears and feelings.

How strong is the evidence

This is qualitative research with rich data from three schools. It describes processes in depth, and the findings may not generalise widely.

What to read

The full article, particularly the findings on teachers' and instructors' role in nurturing support.

Who it's for

TeachersOutdoor providersEOTC coordinatorsResearchers
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