Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update
The work that the law does in education outside the classroom: part 1 – the law and student safety
A national New Zealand study found that health and safety legislation has reduced EOTC in many schools, and that staff anxiety was heightened by threats of personal legal liability. School culture, EOTC champions, effective systems and teacher education are seen as pivotal to sustaining EOTC.
What's new
This paper draws on a comprehensive national study of EOTC in Aotearoa New Zealand and analyses survey and interview data. The authors developed a framework of 'spheres of responsibility': student safety, legislative requirements, staff competence and paperwork. Health and safety legislation has reduced the amount of EOTC in many schools. There was strong evidence that educators cared about students' learning and safety, and this created anxiety that threats of personal legal liability made worse. School culture, EOTC champions, effective systems and teacher education are seen as pivotal to reducing anxiety and sustaining EOTC.
Why it matters in Aotearoa
This is direct New Zealand evidence on how safety law is experienced in schools and how it affects EOTC provision. It is highly relevant to boards, principals and sector bodies working to keep EOTC viable.
Putting it into practice
Principals and boards can name and support an EOTC champion, make sure EOTC systems are effective and well understood, and openly recognise staff commitment to EOTC to help reduce anxiety.
How strong is the evidence
The paper draws on survey and interview data from a national study, which gives it breadth. The abstract does not report sample sizes, and the findings reflect respondents' perceptions.
What to read
The full article, especially the spheres of responsibility framework and the factors that sustain EOTC.