Research

Research

Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.

The library began with Education Outside the Classroom: Applied Research Readings 2010–2017(McNatty & Boyes, University of Otago, 2017). Later items were found, summarised and checked with AI assistance using the same method: every reference is checked against the publisher's record, every summary against the published abstract, and only items rated high confidence by two independent relevance checks are published. Summaries are a guide: read the original before citing it.

Research library

30 items

Report2017–2026 update

Different Journeys: Regional variations in English school residential visits and changes over time

Council for Learning Outside the Classroom (with eduFOCUS)2025International

A pilot analysis of data from the EVOLVE visit-planning system suggests that pupils at schools in the North of England are less likely to take part in residential visits than those in the South, and that provision has not recovered to pre-pandemic levels.

School camps and tripsInclusion and equityInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Looking back: the lasting impact of outdoor education for adolescent girls

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning9 September 2024

Young women looking back on a month of immersive school outdoor learning in remote New Zealand said it shaped their identity and wellbeing well beyond school.

Wellbeing and mental healthSchool camps and tripsInclusion and equity
Safety alert2017–2026 update

School Board sentenced after tragic death of 15-year-old student in Abbey Caves

Vero Liability (Safe Side, Issue 62)2024

A school board was ordered to pay more than $500,000 in reparations after a student drowned on a caving trip. WorkSafe found weather triggers, oversight and emergency planning were inadequate.

Risk and safetyEOTC safety managementSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Another Tragedy in Outdoor Education

International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership5 September 2023International

Using the death of Jeremiah Perry on a Toronto school trip as a case, the authors extend the '7 Rights' into '9 Rights' to guide legal literacy and risk management in outdoor education.

Risk and safetyEOTC safety managementSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

The Relational Status Game of an Educational Expedition Group

Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership13 March 2023International

Ethnographic research on an expedition group identified six relational strategies members used to gain or keep status, which led to either social inclusion or exclusion.

Inclusion and equitySchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Diversity in Outdoor Education: Discrepancies in SEL Across a School Overnight Program

Journal of Experiential Education13 November 2021International

Instructors rated students' social-emotional skills as improving over an immersive outdoor programme, but they saw larger gains for white students than for students of colour.

Inclusion and equityWellbeing and mental healthSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

‘What a bad idea to camp next to a train station’ – student-reported outcomes and evaluations of the outdoor adventure project ‘challenges’

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning17 February 2021International

In German student-led 'challenges' projects, voluntary participation and the team aspect were the most central factors in students feeling they benefited.

School camps and tripsInternational and cultural perspectivesLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Environmental Immersion and Mobile Filmmaking for Science Education: a New Zealand Pilot Study

Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education11 November 2020

Year 10 students who made climate change films with iPads in Westland National Park showed significantly more positive attitudes to science than a comparison group that stayed in Dunedin.

Learning and achievement outcomesSustainability and environmental educationSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Contested Perspectives on the Social Impacts of a Residential Field Trip

Journal of Experiential Education27 June 2019International

A week-long trip built a sense of community for most participants, but one participant experienced it very differently. Leaders need to respect individual needs within group-focused goals.

School camps and tripsWellbeing and mental health
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Connecting Social and Natural Ecologies Through a Curriculum of Giving for Student Wellbeing and Engagement

Australian Journal of Environmental Education18 October 2018International

A trip to a Great Barrier Reef island led to a grounded theory of five dimensions of giving (to self, others, communities, environment and the whole), offered as a beginning framework for teaching with meaning and social concern.

Wellbeing and mental healthSchool camps and tripsTeaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Effective teaching and learning strategies in outdoor education: findings from two residential programmes based in Australia

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning12 September 2018International

In two 28-day Australian outdoor education programmes, carefully sequenced activities, a facilitative teaching style and active engagement were the teaching strategies that stood out.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsSchool camps and tripsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

School Camp Refusal and Reluctance: The Role of the School Psychologist

Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools10 July 2018International

Drawing on anxiety, school refusal and homesickness research, this article sets out a case-based approach for supporting Australian students who are reluctant to attend school camp or refuse to go.

School camps and tripsWellbeing and mental health