Research

Research

Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.

The library began with Education Outside the Classroom: Applied Research Readings 2010–2017(McNatty & Boyes, University of Otago, 2017). Later items were found, summarised and checked with AI assistance using the same method: every reference is checked against the publisher's record, every summary against the published abstract, and only items rated high confidence by two independent relevance checks are published. Summaries are a guide: read the original before citing it.

Research library

40 items

Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Encountering Literacy with/in Country

Australian Journal of Environmental Education30 April 2026International

A settler Australian educator reframes literacy as relationship with Country and proposes storied reflective practice as professional learning for non-Indigenous educators.

Place-based learning and te taiaoEducator capability and PLDInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Outdoor Learning in Rural Schools: Lessons From a Positive Outlier Case Study

The Rural Educator1 April 2026International

In a rural Maine K–12 school that stands out for outdoor learning, key facilitators were building it into the regular school day and curriculum, professional development, long-term planning and links to local culture.

Curriculum and assessmentEducator capability and PLDPlace-based learning and te taiao
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

The Impact of Nature Walks on Young Children Nature Connectedness: A Biophilia Hypothesis Analysis

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development14 June 2025International

Repeated nature walks in a local park elicited affective, cognitive and sensory responses to nature in Malaysian preschoolers. The authors see the walks as a low-cost, accessible way to foster nature connectedness.

Early childhood and nature playPlace-based learning and te taiaoInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Aboriginal Cultural Narratives and Ecology as Co-Teachers: Understanding Climate Change in the Sensory Classroom on Country

Australian Journal of Environmental EducationMay 2025International

Research in four rural NSW schools found that student learning was enriched when local Aboriginal community members led teachers in climate change education, in settings enabling deep relationality with nature and Culture.

Sustainability and environmental educationPlace-based learning and te taiaoInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Ka ara ake te akoranga i te whenua: Perspectives from the classroom and the field

Set: Research Information for Teachers1 October 2024

Two secondary teachers and a student argue that history learning about colonisation and local ecology should not stay in the classroom, and that teachers and students should, wherever possible, go into the field alongside mana whenua.

Te ao Māori and te TiritiPlace-based learning and te taiaoCurriculum and assessment
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

‘Watching what they can do on their own is beautiful’: a navigation of shared agency in school-based outdoor environmental education

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning9 February 2024International

Outdoor environmental educators described sharing agency with students and place as complex, ongoing work that disrupts the traditional classroom hierarchy. The authors argue it can be a pathway to empowering students as agents of their own learning.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsPlace-based learning and te taiao
Book2017–2026 update

The Ocean, Blue Spaces and Outdoor Learning

Routledge2024

Edited by AUT's Mike Brown, this book explores the educational side of people's engagement with the ocean and 'blue spaces'. It includes a chapter on surfing and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Water and aquatic educationWellbeing and mental healthPlace-based learning and te taiao
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Student leader perspectives of a place-responsive initiative

Set: Research Information for Teachers20 December 2023

Māori senior student leaders valued culture and places of significance as integral to their leadership development through a place-responsive programme linked to a Year 9 festival of learning.

LeadershipPlace-based learning and te taiaoTe ao Māori and te Tiriti
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Desettling science through partnership

Set: Research Information for Teachers20 December 2023

In a Year 7 science unit on plants, starting from mātauranga Māori, guided by tikanga and partnership, opened space for students in a superdiverse class to share their own narratives.

Te ao Māori and te TiritiCurriculum and assessmentPlace-based learning and te taiao
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Teacher perspectives of a place-responsive curriculum initiative: A case study

Set: Research Information for Teachers20 December 2023

This article describes the development of Hui Taurima, a TLIF-funded Year 9 cross-curricular 'Festival of Learning' that puts place and culture at the heart of teaching.

Place-based learning and te taiaoCurriculum and assessment
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Cynefin – Being of place. An investigation into the perspectives of first-language Welsh speaking hill farmers into the meaning of the word cynefin and the significance for education in Wales and beyond

Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education17 November 2023International

Welsh hill farmers' understanding of 'cynefin', a word tied to one's relationship with place and land, has the potential to provide a counter-pedagogy in keeping with place-based and Indigenous approaches.

Place-based learning and te taiaoInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Learning with place: exploring nature connection practices on the Earth Kids programme

Australian Journal of Environmental Education8 May 2023International

Used together, sit spots, solo wanders, journalling, gathering, story-sharing and nature names enabled relationships with place and the more-than-human world to emerge for children in a Brisbane outdoor programme.

Place-based learning and te taiaoTeaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Indigenous Storytelling, Cherokee Traditional Ecological Knowledge, and Place-Based Education

Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership21 October 2022International

Combining Cherokee traditional ecological knowledge stories with place-based education helped middle school students reflect on cultural literacy, wellbeing and respect for nature.

Place-based learning and te taiaoInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Reviving botany in the curriculum: the botanical journey of two Western Australian early childhood teachers

Australian Journal of Environmental Education11 October 2022International

Findings from a case study of two early childhood teachers suggest that inquiry-based and place-based teaching in the bush, with First Nations perspectives on plants, can build teachers' botanical knowledge and literacies.

Educator capability and PLDEarly childhood and nature playPlace-based learning and te taiao