Research

Research

Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.

The library began with Education Outside the Classroom: Applied Research Readings 2010–2017(McNatty & Boyes, University of Otago, 2017). Later items were found, summarised and checked with AI assistance using the same method: every reference is checked against the publisher's record, every summary against the published abstract, and only items rated high confidence by two independent relevance checks are published. Summaries are a guide: read the original before citing it.

Research library

13 items

Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Evaluating Teachers’ Experiences Piloting an Ocean Citizenship Pedagogical Model

Australian Journal of Environmental Education10 December 2025International

Portuguese primary teachers who applied an ocean citizenship model using citizen science and coastal monitoring reported gains in their practice and in student engagement, but transport and resources were barriers.

Sustainability and environmental educationWater and aquatic education
Book2017–2026 update

The Ocean, Blue Spaces and Outdoor Learning

Routledge2024

Edited by AUT's Mike Brown, this book explores the educational side of people's engagement with the ocean and 'blue spaces'. It includes a chapter on surfing and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Water and aquatic educationWellbeing and mental healthPlace-based learning and te taiao
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Using mixed reality (XR) immersive learning to enhance environmental education

The Journal of Environmental Education2 January 2023

A study of a bring-your-own-device mixed reality (XR) intervention at a New Zealand marine education centre indicates XR can enhance understanding of complex marine conservation science.

Sustainability and environmental educationTeaching and facilitation outdoorsWater and aquatic education
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

How does a primary school organize outdoor swimming and water safety lessons?

Journal for Research in Arts and Sports Education6 January 2022International

A Norwegian primary school's outdoor swimming and water safety week was marked by strong principal support, staff teamwork, experiential learning, challenge by choice and risk awareness.

Water and aquatic educationLeadershipCurriculum and assessment
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

A Sea Country Learning Partnership in Times of Anthropocenic Risk: Offshore Coral Reef Education and Our Story of Practice

Australian Journal of Environmental EducationNovember 2017International

A partnership between a reef tourism operator, schools, a university and Indigenous rangers took learners to the outer Great Barrier Reef to connect with Sea Country.

Sustainability and environmental educationWater and aquatic educationInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Safety cultures in water-based outdoor activities in Denmark

Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 7(2), 140-1572015International

The authors analyse safety cultures in small boat fishing, sea kayaking and kite surfing and argue for a broad managerial approach at many levels.

Risk and safetyWater and aquatic educationInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Enhancing resilience in youth through a 10-day developmental voyage

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 15(1), 40-522015

Youth on a ten-day New Zealand sail training voyage gained resilience that lasted after the voyage.

Wellbeing and mental healthWater and aquatic education
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Being close to each other

Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 6(1), 20-322014International

The article examines progressions in experiential learning and how more proficient kayakers guide learners.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsWater and aquatic education