Research

Research

Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.

The library began with Education Outside the Classroom: Applied Research Readings 2010–2017(McNatty & Boyes, University of Otago, 2017). Later items were found, summarised and checked with AI assistance using the same method: every reference is checked against the publisher's record, every summary against the published abstract, and only items rated high confidence by two independent relevance checks are published. Summaries are a guide: read the original before citing it.

Research library

42 items

Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

‘You can’t totally avoid accidents. So how hard should you try?’

The New Zealand Annual Review of Education30 December 2018

Oral histories from NZ early childhood leaders show how ideas of 'safety' have shifted over time and carry paradoxes for teachers who must also support risky play.

Early childhood and nature playRisk and safety
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Growing a Nature Kindergarten That Can Flourish

Australian Journal of Environmental EducationJuly 2018International

A Canadian public school district built a lasting nature kindergarten through community planning, co-created guiding principles, and careful hiring and ongoing support of its educators.

Early childhood and nature playEducator capability and PLDInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Risk-Taking in the New Zealand Bush: Issues of Resilience and Wellbeing

Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Association31 May 2018

A close look at one bush walk shows how an early childhood teacher and four-year-olds worked together on outdoor features in ways that encouraged risk-taking and resilience.

Early childhood and nature playRisk and safetyWellbeing and mental health
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Wild Pedagogies: Six Initial Touchstones for Early Childhood Environmental Educators

Australian Journal of Environmental Education26 April 2018International

Six 'touchstones' for wild pedagogies give early childhood environmental educators a way to think about nature as a co-teacher and about letting go of control.

Early childhood and nature playTeaching and facilitation outdoorsSustainability and environmental education
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers’ Preparedness to Teach Education for Sustainability

Australian Journal of Environmental EducationMarch 2018

The abstract gives background on Education for Sustainability in early childhood and points to teacher education as one way to address it. It does not state the study's aim, method or findings.

Sustainability and environmental educationEducator capability and PLDEarly childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Young children’s creativity in natural outdoor settings

Early Childhood Folio2017

In three New Zealand early childhood settings that prioritise regular natural outdoor experiences, children's creativity was supported through meaningful engagement with natural environments.

Early childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

'The woods is a more free space for children to be creative; their imagination kind of sparks out there': exploring young children's cognitive play opportunities in natural, manufactured and mixed outdoor preschool zones

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(2), 172-1892016International

A study of four-to-five-year-olds suggests including natural features in outdoor preschools supports a wider range of cognitive play.

Early childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Curious play: children's exploration of nature

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(4), 318-3292016International

The article uses 'curious play' to understand children's free play in nature, seeing children as active explorers who build knowledge.

Early childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Children's views and preferences regarding their outdoor environment

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 15(2), 152-1672015International

Children who helped decide how their school ground was built wanted challenge and security, exploration, contact with others, and natural features.

Early childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Reintroducing adventure into children's outdoor play environments

Environment and Behavior 41(2), 268-2802009International

The article discusses declining outdoor play and how adventure playgrounds support learning, independence, self-esteem and positive risk-taking.

Early childhood and nature playRisk and safetyWellbeing and mental health