Research

Research

Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.

The library began with Education Outside the Classroom: Applied Research Readings 2010–2017(McNatty & Boyes, University of Otago, 2017). Later items were found, summarised and checked with AI assistance using the same method: every reference is checked against the publisher's record, every summary against the published abstract, and only items rated high confidence by two independent relevance checks are published. Summaries are a guide: read the original before citing it.

Research library

45 items

Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Connecting Social and Natural Ecologies Through a Curriculum of Giving for Student Wellbeing and Engagement

Australian Journal of Environmental Education18 October 2018International

A trip to a Great Barrier Reef island led to a grounded theory of five dimensions of giving (to self, others, communities, environment and the whole), offered as a beginning framework for teaching with meaning and social concern.

Wellbeing and mental healthSchool camps and tripsTeaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Effective teaching and learning strategies in outdoor education: findings from two residential programmes based in Australia

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning12 September 2018International

In two 28-day Australian outdoor education programmes, carefully sequenced activities, a facilitative teaching style and active engagement were the teaching strategies that stood out.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsSchool camps and tripsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

School Camp Refusal and Reluctance: The Role of the School Psychologist

Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools10 July 2018International

Drawing on anxiety, school refusal and homesickness research, this article sets out a case-based approach for supporting Australian students who are reluctant to attend school camp or refuse to go.

School camps and tripsWellbeing and mental health
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Scientific Literacy in the Wild: Using Multimodal Texts in and out of School

The Reading Teacher19 January 2018International

Two kindergarten teachers used one authentic multimodal text before, during and after a zoo trip to build children's scientific literacy and their identity as 'scientists'.

Curriculum and assessmentSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

A Bayesian Mixed-Methods Analysis of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction through Outdoor Learning and Its Influence on Motivational Behavior in Science Class

Frontiers in Psychology19 December 2017International

On a residential science week in a German national park, students felt more competent outdoors, and this appeared to have the biggest impact on their higher intrinsic motivation.

Learning and achievement outcomesSchool camps and tripsInternational and cultural perspectives
Report2017–2026 update

The state of school residentials in England: 2017

Learning Away2017International

The first study of its kind in England found only one in five children experiences a residential each year, and young people in the poorest areas are least likely to go.

School camps and tripsInclusion and equity
Peer-reviewed research2017–2026 update

Field trips to natural environments: how outdoor educators use the physical environment

International Journal of Science Education, Part B8 November 2016International

Outdoor educators on field trips often pointed out scientific concepts but rarely worked on values and attitudes; structured active learning stood out as contributing to a variety of outcomes.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsSchool camps and tripsSustainability and environmental education
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

The return home: Transitioning from a 28-day remote outdoor education programme

Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education 19(1), 42-502016

The research stresses supporting students through the transition home after a long outdoor programme, including assessing learning through project work.

School camps and tripsTeaching and facilitation outdoorsCurriculum and assessment
Report2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Learning Away final evaluation report

Learning Away (UK)2015International

An independent evaluation finds residential learning has a positive effect on engagement, achievement and relationships.

School camps and tripsLearning and achievement outcomesWellbeing and mental health
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Which social emotional competencies are enhanced at a social emotional learning camp?

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 14(1), 24-412014International

A Singapore secondary camp improved competencies such as self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, relationship management and responsible decision-making.

Wellbeing and mental healthSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Investigating the impact of field trips on teachers' mathematical problem posing

Journal of Experiential Education 37(2), 144-1592014International

The article shows how field trips and professional development activities shaped teachers' ability to create meaningful maths problems.

Educator capability and PLDCurriculum and assessmentSchool camps and trips
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

'Did you enjoy your holiday?' Can residential outdoor learning benefit mainstream schooling?

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 14(1), 1-232014International

The paper examines how residential outdoor learning relates to mainstream schooling in Scotland and how qualitative and quantitative studies fit together.

School camps and tripsLearning and achievement outcomesInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Place-responsive pedagogy: learning from teachers' experiences of excursions in nature

Environmental Education Research 19(6), 792-8092013International

Teachers became more sensitive to place through collaboration, planning visits and practice, and the authors propose a theory of place-responsive pedagogy.

Place-based learning and te taiaoSchool camps and tripsEducator capability and PLD
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Woven into the fabric of experience: residential adventure education and complexity

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 13(2), 107-1242013International

The paper asks how pupils change after a residential adventure education experience and how that change relates to what they experienced.

School camps and tripsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Using handhelds to support students' outdoor educational activities

International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning 20(1), 54-712010International

A pilot gave handheld computers to Year 12 geography students on a field trip and produced recommendations for using them in fieldwork.

School camps and tripsCurriculum and assessmentTeaching and facilitation outdoors