Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning2017
Where children were given opportunities for risky play at school, schools recorded very positive outcomes.
Risk and safety
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 17(1), 82-912017International
A case study found one primary pupil's agency varied between classroom, garden and farm, so varied contexts matter.
Learning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Experiential Education2017International
A study explores the successes, challenges, surprises and pedagogical risks for students and a professor in a student-directed experiential education course.
Teaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Experiential Education 40(1), 58-712017International
The study supports school-based experiential outdoor education as a way to engage students in meaningful, memorable and motivating learning.
Teaching and facilitation outdoorsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 8(2)2016International
The paper looks at safety behaviour beyond outdoor leaders' decision making, to better understand its complexity.
Risk and safetyLeadership
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(3), 222-2382016International
A nationwide survey reports accidents and near-accidents in Norwegian upper secondary outdoor activities from 2010 to 2013.
Risk and safetyInternational and cultural perspectivesEducator capability and PLD
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning2016
The authors argue that a focus on risk and danger limits the teaching potential of adventure, and propose an approach based on the learner's everyday life.
Teaching and facilitation outdoorsRisk and safety
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(2), 131-1452016International
The study analyses sea kayaking incidents in Norway, focusing on wind conditions, to draw implications for preventing future incidents.
Risk and safetyWater and aquatic education
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(2), 172-1892016International
A study of four-to-five-year-olds suggests including natural features in outdoor preschools supports a wider range of cognitive play.
Early childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(3), 239-2552016International
A national survey of 3160 parents found time pressure was a bigger barrier to children playing in nearby nature than accessibility, safety or landscape quality.
International and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(1), 49-622016International
The article argues for blending place, space and sustainability in primary geography and outdoor learning.
Place-based learning and te taiaoCurriculum and assessmentSustainability and environmental education
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(4), 346-3582016International
The research suggests outdoor educators have pedagogical skills that mainstream educators could use to teach outdoors or be more environmentally focused.
Teaching and facilitation outdoorsEducator capability and PLD
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Experiential Education 39(2), 115-1292016International
The article draws together evidence linking service learning to the goals of education, including personal, social and academic achievement.
Teaching and facilitation outdoorsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education 19(2), 42-502016International
The paper argues outdoor education's distinctiveness in the school curriculum lies in neither content nor process but in ways of being.
Curriculum and assessment
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 55-662016
The article examines how New Zealand primary teachers teach, programme and understand outdoor education.
Curriculum and assessmentTeaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(2), 91-1042016
Interviews with eight NZ secondary outdoor education teachers show adventure and learning discourses sit side by side in how they talk.
Curriculum and assessmentRisk and safetySustainability and environmental education
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education 19(1), 42-502016
The research stresses supporting students through the transition home after a long outdoor programme, including assessing learning through project work.
School camps and tripsTeaching and facilitation outdoorsCurriculum and assessment
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(1), 31-482016International
Observations show time outdoors helps young children's physical and social development, including confidence in the face of risk.
Early childhood and nature playWellbeing and mental health
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 8(2), 200-2082016International
The study looks at what predicts positive change in body image for females in an outdoor programme who started with a negative body image.
Wellbeing and mental health
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(1), 78-892016International
The study looks at how teaching a class outside one day a week influenced pupils' social relationships.
Wellbeing and mental healthInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(4), 318-3292016International
The article uses 'curious play' to understand children's free play in nature, seeing children as active explorers who build knowledge.
Early childhood and nature play
Book2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Routledge2016International
The book outlines the key elements of a pedagogy of adventurous learning that educators can adapt to their own contexts.
Teaching and facilitation outdoors
Report2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Plymouth University2016International
The report summarises research on how social and economic factors shape children's access to the natural environment and what policy could change.
Inclusion and equityPolicy and advocacyInternational and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 7(2), 140-1572015International
The authors analyse safety cultures in small boat fishing, sea kayaking and kite surfing and argue for a broad managerial approach at many levels.
Risk and safetyWater and aquatic educationInternational and cultural perspectives