Research

Research

Research, reports and guidance on education outside the classroom and outdoor education, with a plain-English summary of each and a link to the original. New items are added every week.

The library began with Education Outside the Classroom: Applied Research Readings 2010–2017(McNatty & Boyes, University of Otago, 2017). Later items were found, summarised and checked with AI assistance using the same method: every reference is checked against the publisher's record, every summary against the published abstract, and only items rated high confidence by two independent relevance checks are published. Summaries are a guide: read the original before citing it.

Research library

125 items

Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Experientially learning and teaching in a student-directed classroom

Journal of Experiential Education2017International

A study explores the successes, challenges, surprises and pedagogical risks for students and a professor in a student-directed experiential education course.

Teaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

School-based experiential outdoor education: A neglected necessity

Journal of Experiential Education 40(1), 58-712017International

The study supports school-based experiential outdoor education as a way to engage students in meaningful, memorable and motivating learning.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Adventure education: Redux

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning2016

The authors argue that a focus on risk and danger limits the teaching potential of adventure, and propose an approach based on the learner's everyday life.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsRisk and safety
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

'The woods is a more free space for children to be creative; their imagination kind of sparks out there': exploring young children's cognitive play opportunities in natural, manufactured and mixed outdoor preschool zones

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(2), 172-1892016International

A study of four-to-five-year-olds suggests including natural features in outdoor preschools supports a wider range of cognitive play.

Early childhood and nature play
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Why do children not play in nearby nature? Results from a Norwegian survey

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(3), 239-2552016International

A national survey of 3160 parents found time pressure was a bigger barrier to children playing in nearby nature than accessibility, safety or landscape quality.

International and cultural perspectives
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Service learning as holistic values pedagogy

Journal of Experiential Education 39(2), 115-1292016International

The article draws together evidence linking service learning to the goals of education, including personal, social and academic achievement.

Teaching and facilitation outdoorsLearning and achievement outcomes
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

The return home: Transitioning from a 28-day remote outdoor education programme

Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education 19(1), 42-502016

The research stresses supporting students through the transition home after a long outdoor programme, including assessing learning through project work.

School camps and tripsTeaching and facilitation outdoorsCurriculum and assessment
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Curious play: children's exploration of nature

Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 16(4), 318-3292016International

The article uses 'curious play' to understand children's free play in nature, seeing children as active explorers who build knowledge.

Early childhood and nature play
Book2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Adventurous learning: A pedagogy for a changing world

Routledge2016International

The book outlines the key elements of a pedagogy of adventurous learning that educators can adapt to their own contexts.

Teaching and facilitation outdoors
Peer-reviewed research2017 Otago review (McNatty & Boyes)

Safety cultures in water-based outdoor activities in Denmark

Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 7(2), 140-1572015International

The authors analyse safety cultures in small boat fishing, sea kayaking and kite surfing and argue for a broad managerial approach at many levels.

Risk and safetyWater and aquatic educationInternational and cultural perspectives